Abstract

Transformers play a crucial role in electrical power transmission and distribution systems because they help regulate voltage levels between generation and consumption points. In modern power networks, maintaining a stable output voltage is essential since load variations can cause voltage fluctuations that affect system performance. To address this issue, tap-changing transformers are widely used to adjust the transformation ratio and regulate the output voltage. This project presents the design and implementation of an automatic tap changer for a transformer using an ATmega328 microcontroller. The proposed system uses a current sensor to monitor load conditions and automatically adjusts the transformer tap position using a servo mechanism. The system also displays electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power on an LCD screen. The proposed approach improves operational efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and provides better voltage regulation in comparison with conventional tap-changing techniques.